CLASS 2008 Seminar

Overview

2008-07-16T11:13:00.000-07:00

This site serves as an archive of the multimedia items from KC Johnson's 2008 CLASS module (U.S. campaigns and elections). Hopefully, you can use some of these materials in your own classes; if you have any follow-up questions, feel free to email me, at kcjohnson9@gmail.com.

The site includes links to:

In-class Handouts

2008-07-16T08:07:00.000-07:00

CLASS Seminar

Campaigns & Elections in U.S. History

July 20, 2008

I. Structure

1. Constitution (framers and direct democracy; creation of Electoral College; role of the Senate)

2. Amendments (changing the Electoral College—failure to predict parties; E.C. results in U.S. history—1824, 1876, 1888, 2000; expanding the right to vote—African-Americans, women, 18-year-olds)

3. Legal and Statutory (civil rights movement, Bush v. Gore)

II. Patterns of Campaigning

1. FDR and the New Deal coalition (effects of Depression; FDR and presidential leadership; four elements: Southern whites, Northern African-Americans, union workers, liberals and intellectuals; consolidating the New Deal: Truman upset victory, Eisenhower and “modern Republicanism”)

2. Technology and Changing Nature of Campaigns (FDR and role of radio—fireside chats and explaining public policy issues; emergence of TV after World War II; Eisenhower and first TV ads; Nixon, “Checkers speech,” and first use of TV to avoid scandal; Kennedy-Nixon debates and U.S. political culture)

3. Civil Rights (NAACP and legal/constitutional strategy—path to Brown v. Board of Education decision; Montgomery bus boycott and emergence of Martin Luther King; civil rights movement and grassroots activism; impact in 1960 election; King and push for civil rights legislation—March on Washington, 1963; dangers to New Deal coalition, divisions within both parties)

CLASS Seminar

“All the Way with LBJ”: The 1964 Election

July 21, 2008

I. The Foundations

1. Establishing an Image (LBJ as political tactician; healer after tragedy; “let us continue”—passing the Kennedy legacy, with political benefits: (1) foreign aid bill, (2) tax bill, (3) farm bill, (4) civil rights bill; provisions: outlaw racial discrimination in public accommodations, give Justice Dept. authority to file suits for school desegregation in federal court, create EEOC)

2. The Republican Race (Barry Goldwater and Nelson Rockefeller weaknesses; Richard Nixon, William Scranton bids; the emergence of Ambassador Henry Lodge; the threat of Lodge and how the Lodge candidacy affects Vietnam; Oregon and Lodge collapse; Goldwater nomination and 1964 convention)

3. Potential Pitfalls (potential pitfalls: ethics—“Landslide Lyndon,” personal wealth, Bobby Baker scandal, John Williams; Robert Kennedy and vice presidency: background relationship, RFK and Justice Department; open pressure and LBJ response; decision to exclude)

III. The Outcome

1. The Frontlash Agenda (LBJ hopes and targeted constituencies: younger voters, better-educated & suburban voters, maximizing the black vote; liberals and the 1964 convention—controversy over the Tuck bill; consolidating the civil rights base—Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party controversy and the Democratic national convention; neutralizing Goldwater— Tonkin Gulf Resolution, nuclear weapons; economics and how to tailor a Democratic agenda?; limitations of the frontlash approach)

2. The Jenkins Scandal (polls and LBJ vulnerabilities; Baker/McCloskey affair; arrest and reaction—role of Abe Fortas; Lady Bird response; J. Edgar Hoover and continuing fears; election outcome—coattails and transformation of House of Representatives; ideology and a hollow victory?)

CLASS Seminar

Race & Scandal, 1968-1992

July 22, 2008

I. 1968 Election

1. Johnson’s Collapse (rise of the right: crime and Miranda, urban unrest, Martin Luther King’s Northern efforts and collapse of biracial civil rights coalition; Vietnam and divisions within Democratic Party, 1966 elections)

2. The Democratic Race (importance of Robert Kennedy; popular protests and effect on Democratic Party; nature of presidential selection; Allard Lowenstein and search for challenger to LBJ; RFK indecision; settling on Eugene McCarthy; New Hampshire primary and campaign fallout—RFK entry, LBJ withdrawal; path to assassination and Chicago disaster)

3. Fall Campaign ( “New Nixon” and safe GOP choice; George Wallace wildcard; “Southern Strategy”—using race as a wedge issue to divide New Deal Democratic coalition; Nixon’s rose-garden tactics; Agnew vs. Muskie; Hubert Humphrey Salt Lake City address, outcome)

II. Nixon and Presidential Scandal

1. The Political Culture of Richard Nixon (conception of politics; dirty tricks legacy; merging of commander-in-chief clause and domestic authority—Kent State, Huston Plan; Pentagon Papers case; Nixon reaction; extension into politics)

2. The Origins of Watergate (memories of 1960 and origins of cover-up—CREEP and bugging of DNC headquarters; arrest and Nixon attempts to obstruct justice—role of CIA, Pat Gray and leaderless FBI; Watergate in 1972 campaign, Nixon victory)

3. The Cover-up Unravels (four-pronged assault on Nixon: (1) press—role of Woodward/Bernstein and eventually Post; (2) lower-level judiciary: importance of Judge John Sirica; (3) Senate—Sam Ervin and country lawyering; (4) special prosecutor—Archibald Cox’s agenda; Nixon response: invocation of executive privilege)

4. The Fall of Nixon (erratic administration response: Dean, Haldeman, Erlichman dismissed; Agnew resignation; evading subpoenas; Saturday Night Massacre; 18½ minute gap; House Judiciary Committee and impeachment hearings—Barbara Jordan remarks; U.S. v Nixon and Nixon’s resignation)

II. The 1980 Election: Toward a New Republican Majority

1. Backlash against Right-Related Liberalism (race: busing and affirmative action; gender: Phyllis Schlafly and public response to Equal Rights Amendment, changing attitudes toward abortion—Catholics, traditionalists, cracks in Democratic coalition; foreign policy: Angola, Nicaragua, Iranian revolution, Iranian hostage crisis, Afghanistan; economics: “stagflation”)

2. The Reagan Revolution (Ted Kennedy’s challenge to Jimmy Carter; Carter holds on; Republican race: Bush surge, Connally collapse, Anderson defection, Reagan nomination; continuing weaknesses—age, radical reputation; Anderson effect; debates; Reagan Democrats; smashing GOP win; part of international pattern?—Thatcher in Britain, Kohl in West Germany)

3. Consolidating (1984 “Morning in America” theme; “soundbite” politics; role of race in Republican coalition—Willie Horton ad, “hands” ad)

	House margin	House org.	Senate margin	Senate org.
1974	+49D	+147D	+4D	+24D
1976	+1D	+149D	No change	+24D
1978	+15R	+119D	+3R	+18D
1980	+35R	+49D	+12R	+6R

CLASS Seminar

The Politics of Spin, 1992-2008

July 23, 2008

I. 1992 Election

1. Politics of Scandal (Thomas/Hill hearings; emergence of sexual harassment as issue; Webster and politics of abortion; “Year of the Woman”; House bank scandal; terms-limits movement; Gingrich and ’92 Group)

2. Unrest & Reaction (economic difficulties and decline of Bush I; Clinton: scandals and “comeback kid,” importance of Hillary, “feel your pain,” “war room” and idea of spin; Perot: unusual background, issues: balanced budget, congressional reform, trade; infomercials and folksy style; withdrawal and re-entry; fall outcome)

II. Clinton & American Politics

1. Difficulties and Revival (early problems: scandals, Reno and independent counsels, Hillary and health care; 1994 election; comeback: Dick Morris and triangulation, “outspinning” Gingrich)

2. Sexual Harassment (political: effect of Thomas/Hill hearings; legal: legacy of Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986) and “hostile work environment”; statutory: Molinari amendment (1994); merging of law and politics—Packwood, Clinton)

3. The Starr Chamber (Ken Starr background and initial appointment; difficulties of Whitewater inquiry; merging with Paula Jones case; discovery of Monica Lewinsky; Tripp and perjury trap; unpredictable public reception; Starr Report and 1998 elections; legal and political effects of impeachment)

III. 2000 Election

CLASS Seminar

The 2008 Elections

July 24, 2008

I. Beyond Bush

1. GOP collapse (Katrina/Iraq combination; congressional scandals; 2006 results Dems +31 in House, +6 in Senate; Frist, Allen withdrawals; conservative difficulty in finding candidate)

2. Divided Republicans (McCain implosion; Giuliani’s peculiar strategy; emergence of Romney—background and difficulties; rise of Huckabee and power of Christian conservatives; Romney Mormon speech, flip-flops; Huckabee triumph and revival of McCain; profiting from GOP rules—South Carolina, Florida, New York/NJ/CT)

II. The Democratic Race

1. Winnowing the Field (Gore decision not to run; Edwards and four-year campaign; second-tier candidates: Richardson, Biden)

2. Rules Changes (Nevada, South Carolina; creation of “Super-Duper Tuesday”; Michigan, Florida primaries and decision to strip of all delegates; state party pressures and candidates’ boycott)

3. 2007 Strategies (Obama: significance of Iowa—demographic and timing, use proportional rules to advantage, outlast February 5 primaries, maximize youth vote, online fundraising and organizing, promise of new type of politics, significance of Iraq war participation; Clinton: debate over Iowa, stress big states—Penn’s lack of knowledge of rules, fundraising from traditional base, stress readiness/inevitability/commander-in-chief threshold, refusal to apologize for Iraq war vote)

4. Nature of Race (decline of Edwards; Obama and African-American community; Iowa victory; Clinton and New Hampshire; Bill Clinton and South Carolina; creation of Obama coalition; Feb. 5 results and Obama tactical advantages—Idaho and New Jersey; Obama winning streak; role of the superdelegates)

5. The Obama Nomination (Clinton’s no-holds-barred strategy—from inevitability to identity politics to commander-in-chief to working-class whites; Obama gaffes—Rev. Wright, “bitter” comment; Clinton’s Bosnia escapade; changing the rules—Florida/Michigan, popular vote; North Carolina, Indiana, and end of race; lingering bitterness)

6. Looking Ahead to the Fall

Constitutional, Statutory, and Legal Documents Relating to Elections

2008-07-15T06:38:00.002-07:00

Constitution for the United States of America

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article I.

Section. 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen . . .

Section. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof [modified by 17^th amendment], for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote . . .

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.

Article II.

Section. 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; a quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President [modified by 12^th amendment].

The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.

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12^th amendment

[Proposed 1803; Ratified 1804]

The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; — The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; — The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. — The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

15^th amendment

[Proposed 1869; Ratified 1870]

Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

17^th amendment

[Proposed 1912; Ratified 1913]

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

19^th amendment

[Proposed 1919; Ratified 1920]

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

22^nd amendment

[Proposed 1947; Ratified 1951]

Section. 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

23^rd amendment

[Proposed 1960; Ratified 1961]

Section. 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States [the District of Columbia] shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:

A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State [a total of three]; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

24^th amendment

[Proposed 1962; Ratified 1964]

Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

26^th amendment

[Proposed 1971; Ratified 1971]

Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

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Statutory and Judicial Measures

Voting Rights Act of 1965 (passed 6 Aug. 1965)

SEC. 2. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color . . .

SEC. 4. (a) To assure that the right of citizens of the United States to vote is not denied or abridged on account of race or color, no citizen shall be denied the right to vote in any Federal, State, or local election because of his failure to comply with any test or device in any State . . .

(c) The phrase "test or device" shall mean any requirement that a person as a prerequisite for voting or registration for voting (1) demonstrate the ability to read, write, understand, or interpret any matter, (2) demonstrate any educational achievement or his knowledge of any particular subject, (3) possess good moral character, or (4) prove his qualifications by the voucher of registered voters or members of any other class . . .

(e)(1) Congress hereby declares that to secure the rights under the fourteenth amendment of persons educated in American-flag schools in which the predominant classroom language was other than English, it is necessary to prohibit the States from conditioning the right to vote of such persons on ability to read, write, understand, or interpret any matter in the English language . . .

SEC. 10. (a) The Congress finds that the requirement of the payment of a poll tax as a precondition to voting (i) precludes persons of limited means from voting or imposes unreasonable financial hardship upon such persons as a precondition to their exercise of the franchise, (ii) does not bear a reasonable relationship to any legitimate State interest in the conduct of elections, and (iii) in some areas has the purpose or effect of denying persons the right to vote because of race or color. Upon the basis of these findings, Congress declares that the constitutional right of citizens to vote is denied or abridged in some areas by the requirement of the payment of a poll tax as a precondition to voting . . .

SEC. 11. (a) No person acting under color of law shall fail or refuse to permit any person to vote who is entitled to vote under any provision of this Act or is otherwise qualified to vote, or willfully fail or refuse to tabulate, count, and report such person's vote. (b) No person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, shall intimidate, threaten, or coerce, or attempt to intimidate, threaten, or coerce any person for voting or attempting to vote, or intimidate, threaten, or coerce, or attempt to intimidate, threaten, or coerce any person for urging or aiding any person to vote or attempt to vote, or intimidate, threaten, or coerce any person for exercising any powers or duties under [this law].

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Bush v. Gore (decided 12 Dec. 2000)

On November 8, 2000, the day following the Presidential election, the Florida Division of Elections reported that petitioner, Governor Bush, had received 2,909,135 votes, and respondent, Vice President Gore, had received 2,907,351 votes, a margin of 1,784 for Governor Bush. Because Governor Bush’s margin of victory was less than “one-half of a percent . . . of the votes cast,” an automatic machine recount was conducted under §102.141(4) of the election code, the results of which showed Governor Bush still winning the race but by a diminished margin. Vice President Gore then sought manual recounts in Volusia, Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade Counties, pursuant to Florida’s election protest provisions . . .

The petition presents the following questions: whether the Florida Supreme Court established new standards for resolving Presidential election contests, thereby violating Art. II, §1, cl. 2, of the United States Constitution and . . . whether the use of standardless manual recounts violates the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses. With respect to the equal protection question, we find a violation of the Equal Protection Clause.

The individual citizen has no federal constitutional right to vote for electors for the President of the United States unless and until the state legislature chooses a statewide election as the means to implement its power to appoint members of the Electoral College. U.S. Const., Art. II, §1 . . . [A] state legislature . . . may, if it so chooses, select the electors itself, which indeed was the manner used by State legislatures in several States for many years after the Framing of our Constitution. History has now favored the voter, and in each of the several States the citizens themselves vote for Presidential electors. When the state legislature vests the right to vote for President in its people, the right to vote as the legislature has prescribed is fundamental; and one source of its fundamental nature lies in the equal weight accorded to each vote and the equal dignity owed to each voter. The State, of course, after granting the franchise in the special context of Article II, can take back the power to appoint electors.

The right to vote is protected in more than the initial allocation of the franchise. Equal protection applies as well to the manner of its exercise. Having once granted the right to vote on equal terms, the State may not, by later arbitrary and disparate treatment, value one person's vote over that of another . . . The question before us, however, is whether the recount procedures the Florida Supreme Court has adopted are consistent with its obligation to avoid arbitrary and disparate treatment of the members of its electorate.

Much of the controversy seems to revolve around ballot cards designed to be perforated by a stylus but which, either through error or deliberate omission, have not been perforated with sufficient precision for a machine to count them. In some cases a piece of the card–a chad–is hanging, say by two corners. In other cases there is no separation at all, just an indentation.

. . . It is obvious that the recount cannot be conducted in compliance with the requirements of equal protection and due process without substantial additional work. It would require not only the adoption (after opportunity for argument) of adequate statewide standards for determining what is a legal vote, and practicable procedures to implement them, but also orderly judicial review of any disputed matters that might arise. In addition, the Secretary of State has advised that the recount of only a portion of the ballots requires that the vote tabulation equipment be used to screen out undervotes, a function for which the machines were not designed. If a recount of overvotes were also required, perhaps even a second screening would be necessary . . .

None are more conscious of the vital limits on judicial authority than are the members of this Court, and none stand more in admiration of the Constitution’s design to leave the selection of the President to the people, through their legislatures, and to the political sphere. When contending parties invoke the process of the courts, however, it becomes our unsought responsibility to resolve the federal and constitutional issues the judicial system has been forced to confront.

The judgment of the Supreme Court of Florida is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.

[dissent, Justice Stevens]: . . . As the majority explicitly holds, once a state legislature determines to select electors through a popular vote, the right to have one’s vote counted is of constitutional stature. As the majority further acknowledges, Florida law holds that all ballots that reveal the intent of the voter constitute valid votes. Recognizing these principles, the majority nonetheless orders the termination of the contest proceeding before all such votes have been tabulated. Under their own reasoning, the appropriate course of action would be to remand to allow more specific procedures for implementing the legislature’s uniform general standard to be established.

In the interest of finality, however, the majority effectively orders the disenfranchisement of an unknown number of voters whose ballots reveal their intent–and are therefore legal votes under state law–but were for some reason rejected by ballot-counting machines.

What must underlie petitioners’ entire federal assault on the Florida election procedures is an unstated lack of confidence in the impartiality and capacity of the state judges who would make the critical decisions if the vote count were to proceed. Otherwise, their position is wholly without merit. The endorsement of that position by the majority of this Court can only lend credence to the most cynical appraisal of the work of judges throughout the land. It is confidence in the men and women who administer the judicial system that is the true backbone of the rule of law. Time will one day heal the wound to that confidence that will be inflicted by today’s decision. One thing, however, is certain. Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year’s Presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the Nation’s confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the rule of law.

Presidential Recordings

2008-07-15T06:13:00.000-07:00

All of the recordings that we heard--along with quite a few more excerpts--are available at my "All the Way with LBJ" site.

Images & Events

2008-07-15T06:07:00.000-07:00

FDR and "Happy Days," 1932

FDR, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself," 1933

"Dewey Defeats Truman," 1948

Kennedy-Nixon debates, 1960

Palm Beach County, Florida, "butterfly ballot," 2000

2008 You Tube Clips

2008-07-15T05:56:00.001-07:00

Obama--Vote Different

Edwards-"I Feel Pretty"

"Hillary in Tuzla"--trailer

Romney on abortion rights

"The Real Romney" (gay rights)

Chart

2008-07-15T05:50:00.000-07:00

2008 Democratic Primary--Delegate Count

Total delegates (as of 9 June): Obama 2188; Clinton 1927. Needed to nominate (including superdelegates): 2118

Obama is the Democrats’ presumptive presidential nominee.

Results:

Date	State	Obama	Clinton	Date	State	Obama	Clinton
3 Jan.	Iowa	25	14	8 Jan.	New Hampshire	9	9
19 Jan.	Nevada	14	11	26 Jan.	South Carolina	25	12
5 Feb.	Alabama	27	25	5 Feb.	Alaska	10	3
5 Feb.	American Samoa	1	2	5 Feb.	Arizona	25	31
5 Feb.	Arkansas	8	27	5 Feb.	California	167	203
5 Feb.	Colorado	36	19	5 Feb.	Connecticut	26	22
5 Feb.	Delaware	9	6	5/12 Feb.	Dems. Abroad	5	2
5 Feb.	Georgia	60	27	5 Feb.	Idaho	15	3
5 Feb.	Illinois	104	49	5 Feb.	Kansas	23	9
5 Feb.	Massachusetts	38	55	5 Feb.	Minnesota	48	24
5 Feb.	Missouri	36	36	5 Feb.	New Jersey	48	59
5 Feb.	New Mexico	12	14	5 Feb.	New York	92	140
5 Feb.	North Dakota	8	5	5 Feb.	Oklahoma	14	24
5 Feb.	Tennessee	28	40	5 Feb.	Utah	14	9
9 Feb.	Louisiana	34	22	9 Feb.	Nebraska	16	8
9 Feb.	Washington	53	25	9 Feb.	Virgin Islands	3	0
10 Feb.	Maine	15	9	12 Feb.	Dist. of Columbia	12	3
12 Feb.	Maryland	43	27	12 Feb.	Virginia	54	29
19 Feb.	Hawai’i	14	6	19 Feb.	Wisconsin	42	32
4 Mar.	Ohio	67	74	4 March	Rhode Island	8	13
4 Mar.	Texas (Primary/Caucus)	99	94	4 March	Vermont	9	6
8 Mar.	Wyoming	7	5	11 Mar.	Mississippi	20	13
22 Apr.	Pennsylvania	73	85	3 May	Guam	2	2
6 May	North Carolina	67	48	6 May	Indiana	34	38
13 May	West Virginia	8	20	20 May	Oregon	31	21
20 May	Kentucky	14	37	1 June	Puerto Rico	17	38
3 June	Montana	9	7	3 June	South Dakota	6	9

At a May 31, 2008 meeting of the Democrats’ Rules & Bylaws Committee, delegates from the two sanctioned primaries (Michigan and Florida, in tan on the map above, which violated party scheduling rules) were apportioned 87 for Clinton and 63 for Obama.

Maps

2008-07-15T05:27:00.000-07:00

1964 Election:

1968 Election:

2000 Election:

2000 Election--Florida county map

2004 Election:

Politics & Popular Culture

2008-07-15T04:51:00.000-07:00

Dana Carvey as Ross Perot, Saturday Night Live, 1992

Jack & Susan get dirt on a rival, Primary Colors, 1996

Jon Stewart, Daily Show, "Zell on Earth," 2004

Samantha Bee and Ed Helms, Daily Show, "Media Control?," 2004

Laura Dern as Katherine Harris, Recount, 2008

Jon Stewart, "West Virginia: No Interviews Please"

Famous TV Ads

2008-07-14T05:44:00.000-07:00

Eisenhower, "I Like Ike, 1952"

LBJ, Daisy Ad, 1964

Reagan, "Morning in America," 1984

Willie Horton ad, 1988

Bush I, tank ad, 1988

Helms "hands ad," 1990 North Carolina Senate race

Clinton ad on "read my lips," 1992

Perot ad, "Vote Your Conscience," 1992

Perot infomercial excerpt, 1992

John Kerry windsurfing,

First swift boat ad, 2004

Swift boat on vets, 2004

Campaign Event Videos

2008-07-14T05:36:00.000-07:00

Nixon, "Checkers Speech," 1952

Martin Luther King, "I Have a Dream," 1963

Barbara Jordan, statement on Watergate, 1974

Gerald Ford, 1976 debate

Reagan, "I Paid for this Microphone," 1980

Reagan, "There You Go Again," 1980

Bush, "Read My Lips," 1988

Lloyd Bentsen and Dan Quayle, 1988

Stockdale, 1992 V-P debate

Stockdale, 1992 V-p debate, start at 8.00

Bill Clinton, initial Lewinsky statement, 1998

Bill Clinton, grand jury testimony, 1998

CLASS 2008 Seminar

Overview

In-class Handouts

Constitutional, Statutory, and Legal Documents Relating to Elections

Article I.

Article II.

12th amendment

15th amendment

17th amendment

19th amendment

22nd amendment

23rd amendment

24th amendment

26th amendment

Voting Rights Act of 1965 (passed 6 Aug. 1965)

Bush v. Gore (decided 12 Dec. 2000)

Presidential Recordings

Images & Events

2008 You Tube Clips

Chart

Maps

Politics & Popular Culture

Famous TV Ads

Campaign Event Videos

12^th amendment

15^th amendment

17^th amendment

19^th amendment

22^nd amendment

23^rd amendment

24^th amendment

26^th amendment